We deal with this almost daily in the buildings that we design & build. Imagine that your trolling motor shaft is down and you applied a constant load on it from the front of the shaft toward the rear of your boat. The force would attempt to pull the four mounting bolts up through your deck (your rear two bolts would actually receive the bulk of the force). The force would be concentrated on those four specific points of contact where the washers were located under the deck. When you have a backing plate, and also a deck plate should you choose, those same forces would now have to pull the entire plate through the deck thus the load is spread out over a wider area.